What is a capacitor?

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A capacitor is an electronic component that stores charge and creates an electric field. It is a very common component in electronic devices and is used for a variety of functions, including filtering, coupling, timing, and energy storage.

The basic working principle of a capacitor is to store charge by using an insulator (called the "dielectric") between two conductors (usually called the "plates" of the capacitor). When the capacitor is charged, positive charge accumulates on one plate and negative charge accumulates on the other plate. The two charges attract each other and form an electric field that stores electrical energy.

The key parameters of a capacitor include its capacitance and withstand voltage. Capacitance is usually measured in farads (F), and smaller capacitors may only have a capacity of picofarads (pF) or nanofarads (nF). The withstand voltage is the maximum voltage that the capacitor can withstand, exceeding which may cause the capacitor to break down or be damaged.